Minimizing Abuse of Hawalas

Hawala networks and terror finance are in the news again.  These networks have been used by ISIS in war-torn Syria and Iraq, and were reportedly used to help finance the 2015 ISIS attacks in Paris.  Hawala networks are still considered to be the national banking system of Afghanistan and are intertwined with the formal banking system of neighboring Pakistan.  Furthermore, Hawala networks exist in other troublesome spots where U.S. adversaries operate, such as the Horn of Africa and Libya.